Since the majority of dryland farming area in eastern Azerbaijan is devoted to wheat production, therefore, climate zoning of dryland wheat was set as the goal of this research.  For this reason long term CLIMATIC data of 39 meteorological stations inside the province and 7 synoptic stations out of the province were used. The most proper planting date was suggested based on the commencement of rainy season in each part of the province, and the different growth stages of dryland wheat were determined.  Using the precipitation data, the CLIMATIC isohyetal maps of the following were derived: annual rain, rain during germination, rain during flowering, and rain during seed filling stage. In addition, using temperature data the CLIMATIC isothermal maps for germination, thermal stress during flowering and seed filling stages were developed for the province. Finally, these maps were compiled in GIS and afterward the CLIMATIC zoning of dryland wheat was derived. The areas with no potential of wheat dryland farming were omitted. The final map showed the most appropriate, appropriate, medium, and poor CLIMATIC zoning. The zoning in the map indicated that areas in the north part of the province had the most appropriate CLIMATIC conditions for dryland farming. The concentration of medium to poor CLIMATIC zoning was located in a strip which was stretched from east to west part of the province.

The upcoming study investigates the design and use of vertical-axis wind turbines for power extraction in Chahnimeha, Zabol. In Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, due to the vastness and CLIMATIC barriers, the use of renewable energy can greatly contribute to the well-being of people. Using the meteorological data of this province, the average wind speed in the Chahnime region is estimated at 6.4 m/s. At first, 4 airfoils with the highest lift-to-drag coefficient have been selected and studied for wind turbine design. By choosing the best airfoil among the four examined ones, a wind turbine with 3 different blade sizes and rotor radius was designed. The wind turbine, which is designed with a blade length of 3 meters and a rotor radius of 1.5 m, has the best performance. The vertical axis wind turbine has been investigated in 4 models with 3, 5, 7, and 9 blades. The power factor of the 3-bladed turbine is equal to 0.30, and of the 7-bladed wind turbine is equal to 0.45. Among the examined wind turbines, the best wind turbine with 7 blades was chosen. The reduction of wind speed before the blades is influenced by the solidity of the wind turbine. The study of wind turbine exergy was used to investigate the environmental effects such as humidity and temperature on the performance of wind turbines in the CLIMATIC region of Zabol. The exergy efficiency of the designed 3-blade and 7-blade wind turbine is equal to 45 and 75%, which shows the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the wind turbine efficiency in a climate region. The results of this study clearly show that it is possible to use a 7-blade vertical axis wind turbine to provide electricity to areas far from the grid and to produce scattered.

Weather conditions have a supportive potential that could indirectly effect on national security of countries and it provides threats that brought to challenge. In the first stage coping with these challenges requires recognition of these changes on natural and human geography of the countries and followed by exposure and influence of these effects on the security and political geography and in next stage present patterns of these influences and finally proposed of strategies to manage and deal with the consequences in terms of national security policy. In this regard climate change as a major threat to the interpretation of a number of researchers is as a major threat in the 21st century. Also, in this paper with identifies of some indicators of temperature (min -max) proposed by Climatology Commission of World Meteorology Organization (WMO) apply separate of meteorological data by in Fortran 90 software and indexes determination in RCLIMEX, zoning and hierarchical weighting of these indicators in GIS (Arc GIS) and finally zoning in 5 floors vulnerable and non-vulnerable areas of Iran as vision of these indexes. The results showed that, the index of tropical night on the shores of the Oman Sea and the South East have 168-280 days and in other point of Iran was 112 days. Zoning summer days in Iran shows that this index has been increased from north to south. Zoning index of ice days in Iran shows that in in total of Iran except the bar northwestern of Iran have 1-8 ice days and northwest of Iran have experienced 16-32 ice days. Also, East of Iran vulnerable to the minimum temperature indicators and north of the country is vulnerable to the maximum temperature indicators that ground out of internal and external in this area are more than others.

A factor analysis of 27 annual CLIMATIC variables detects six main CLIMATIC factors in Iran. These factors are Thermal factor, humidity and cloudiness factor, precipitation factor, wind and dust factors, and Thunder factor, In southern coasts of Caspian Sea and Zagros range precipitation is more significant. In Zagros sunshine play a secondary major role in determining CLIMATIC regions.Throughout the eastern border of the country wind and dust is the most visible feature. Thunder is very active in the southeastern and northwestern corners of Iran. Based on these six CLIMATIC factors, Iran could be divided into 15 different CLIMATIC regions. Spatial alignment of these regions reveals the importance of elevation and distance to sea as the major background of climate regionalization in Iran.

A factor analysis of 27 annual CLIMATIC variables detects six main CLIMATIC factors in Iran. These factors are Thermal factor, humidity and cloudiness factor, precipitation factor, wind and dust factors, and Thunder factor, In southern coasts of Caspian Sea and Zagros range precipitation is more significant. In Zagros sunshine play a secondary major role in determining CLIMATIC regions.Throughout the eastern border of the country wind and dust is the most visible feature. Thunder is very active in the southeastern and northwestern corners of Iran. Based on these six CLIMATIC factors, Iran could be divided into 15 different CLIMATIC regions. Spatial alignment of these regions reveals the importance of elevation and distance to sea as the major background of climate regionalization in Iran.

Urban development and increasing the population and industrial activity and consumption of fossil fuel induce pollution seriously. Those effects in short time cause various diseases and in long time cause CLIMATIC and environmental changes such as comfortable climate duration. In this research, fifty years of CLIMATIC data (1957-2006) such as temperature and relative humidity in Yazd station were used. Mahani CLIMATIC conformability model determined the suitable months for human physiological comfortability in five ten-years old period. Also linear procedure of its change is forecasted up to 2016.The results showed the temperature trend in Yazd Station is hot and most of the months, the temperature have a hot trend, however expectation for future comfortable months for human physiology is coldmonths of year and in warm months of year the heat stresses will increase.

Eco village design is a new field of knowledge still under development. It will be the physical manifestation of the unfolding of the ecovillage dream held by so many. It is generally agreed that concept of sustainability should play an increasing role in future urban development world-wide. In order to ensure ecological sustainability, cities around the world have to decrease their environmental footprint. In this article, will try to find some principles of designing eco-villages in Iran that have less environmental footprint. Two aspects are important in this regard: the decrease of energy consumption and the decrease of waste products and its subsequent management. The concept of eco-village, despite having arguably limited influence, does have the potential to serve as an alternative urban model. As relatively small experimental communities, eco-villages are in the position to explore and apply novel solutions, the necessity of which is evident in the global concern for sustainability. Valuable practical lessons can be provided in the current for suitable urban development. In this article, some eco-villages around the world have been compared with each other and will suggested some solutions for designing eco-villages in Iran.

The recognition of regional lands of Fars province due to their vast expanses for planning purposes of various dimensions (local, regional, national) is of great importance. This research has studied the recognition of CLIMATIC regions of Fars province. In order to reach our goal, 25 CLIMATIC variables in relation to moisture, heat, precipitation and radiation were used from 18 synoptic meteorological stations. Afterwards, a factor analysis method based on the principal components of the regions and a clustering analysis method in a compound model was used for separation of stretched lands. The study of CLIMATIC variables on the basis of principal components analysis showed that there were 3 principals in the climate of Fars province. These principals, in order of importance, are: thermal principal, precipitation principal and principal of summer precipitation, respectively. A clustering analysis on factor amount helped dividing this province to four CLIMATIC regions: southern, western, central and northern areas.

Land degradation rapidly increased in developing countries. Changes in climate and land use in Fars province in the past few decades have intensified the process of destruction and desertification. In the present research, satellite data was used to investigate the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation and its relationship with climate changes in the climate samples of Fars province in the years 2000 to 2020. The trend of changes of these variables in time with the Mann-Kendall method and in determining the time of change and spatial correlation, Pettit's test and Pearson's correlation test were used, respectively. The trend of NDVI in arid and semi-arid climates is increasing and the point of change is from 2010 onwards. Based on this, it can be expected that in most regions of Fars, we see a decrease in the ratio of precipitation to potential evaporation (increase in evaporation) and the decadence trend is increasing. Precipitation has no trend and the surface temperature is decreasing. The spatial pattern of NDVI and precipitation trend is increasing in more than 70% of the region (south), and AI and LST are decreasing in more than 65% of the region (central). NDVI changes spatial correlation with LST, precipitation and AI variables showed that the type of relationship and the strength of correlation were different in CLIMATIC regions. The strongest correlations were seen in the cold ultra-arid climates in the northeast and the temperate Mediterranean located in the northwest of the province.